In military court-martials expert defense consultants play a vital role in building a strong legal strategy. According to Article 46 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) and Rule for Courts-Martial (R.C.M.) 703(d), defense teams are entitled to expert assistance to ensure a fair trial. Forensic psychologists like Dr. Lisa Long provide essential support by evaluating psychological evidence, analyzing behavior patterns, and challenging prosecution narratives.
Dr. Lisa Long, the lead forensic psychologist at Dr. Lisa Long and Associates, brings a unique combination of military and forensic psychology experience. She has worked with the Department of Defense, providing psychological services at Camp As-Sayliyah in Qatar and RAF Croughton in the UK, where she conducted Command-Directed Mental Health Evaluations and Fitness for Duty Assessments. Additionally, her extensive experience as a forensic psychologist in maximum-security psychiatric hospitals—where she conducted court-ordered competency evaluations and violence risk assessments—makes her exceptionally qualified to handle the most complex psychological cases, including those involving nearly every DSM diagnosis.
Now, having established her own practice, Dr. Long primarily focuses on expert consultation services and is often appointed by the court to conduct evaluations in conflict custody cases. With over 300 forensic psychological evaluations completed, Dr. Long’s thorough and scientifically sound approach ensures that defense teams are well-equipped with expert insights to challenge the prosecution and provide a comprehensive defense in military court-martial cases. Her expertise helps attorneys build a defense based on solid psychological evidence, ensuring their clients receive the most robust and effective representation.
Six Ways Forensic Psychological Expertise Can Strengthen Court-Martial Defense
Forensic psychologists bring a wide range of specialized skills to the defense in military court-martials. From analyzing behavior patterns to evaluating expert testimony, their work enhances the defense’s ability to counter the prosecution’s case with evidence-based arguments.
1. Ensuring Expert Testimony Meets Scientific Standards
Forensic psychologists are instrumental in reviewing the methodologies and scientific foundations of the prosecution's expert witnesses. They evaluate whether testimonies meet the rigor required under MRE 702, which demands that expert testimony be grounded in reliable principles and methods. By analyzing the scientific backing of claims made by prosecution witnesses, such as those by Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners (SANEs), forensic psychologists help the defense expose testimonies that lack robust empirical support. This ensures that conclusions drawn about the accused or alleged victim’s behaviors are based on systematic research, rather than subjective or unsupported assumptions.
2. Identifying Biases and Methodological Flaws in Prosecution Testimonies
Forensic psychologists assist defense teams by uncovering potential biases in prosecution testimonies, particularly if experts are affiliated with advocacy groups or other organizations that may compromise neutrality. They scrutinize whether the prosecution’s expert used a forensic methodology aligned with professional standards or if their findings were influenced by external affiliations. This careful analysis allows the defense to expose conflicts of interest, highlighting any factors that could undermine the impartiality of prosecution witnesses.
3. Analyzing Behavioral Patterns and Consistency of Witness Statements
A forensic psychologist’s expertise allows for comprehensive analysis of behavioral patterns to verify the credibility of witness testimonies. By triangulating witness statements and analyzing behaviors against known psychological responses, forensic psychologists can identify inconsistencies or alternative explanations that may aid the defense. This includes examining whether the alleged victim’s behavior aligns with typical trauma responses or is influenced by other factors such as substance abuse or psychological conditions, helping the defense present scientifically validated counter-narratives.
4. Leveraging Research on Memory Reliability and Trauma Responses
Forensic psychologists provide defense teams with access to psychological research on trauma, memory reliability, and behavioral responses, challenging prosecution claims based on cognitive and behavioral science. For example, research shows that traumatic memory recall can be highly variable and susceptible to distortion. Forensic psychologists evaluate whether an alleged victim’s memory and recollection of events align with established trauma memory patterns, helping the defense question the credibility of prosecution testimonies that rely on inconsistent or unreliable memory accounts.
5. Evaluating the Relevance of Mental Health Records
In cases where mental health may impact the reliability of testimony, forensic psychologists support the defense in evaluating the necessity and relevance of an alleged victim’s mental health records, particularly under MRE 513. By identifying conditions that could affect perception or memory, they assist in crafting precise requests for disclosure. Once records are obtained, forensic psychologists interpret these for the defense, identifying any psychological factors that could influence testimony reliability, supporting strategic cross-examinations that strengthen the defense.
6. Enhancing Cross-Examination with Forensic Expertise
Having a forensic psychologist, such as Dr. Long, actively involved in the drafting and preparation of cross-examination for expert witnesses provides a significant advantage to the defense. With their specialized training and deep understanding of psychological methodologies, forensic psychologists can develop lines of questioning that delve into technical details, often overlooked by attorneys, to rigorously challenge the reliability and objectivity of the prosecution's experts. This collaborative approach enables the defense to address complex psychological concepts, uncover methodological flaws, and highlight any biases in the expert’s testimony. By having a forensic psychologist as a second-chair consultant, defense teams benefit from a robust, scientifically grounded cross-examination that strengthens their ability to challenge prosecution experts effectively.
Conclusion
Forensic psychologists provide invaluable insights into military court-martial defense strategies by leveraging established research on memory reliability, psychological disorders, role conflicts, and substance abuse. Experts like Dr. Lisa Long offer defense teams the ability to dissect complex psychological factors that may influence witness testimony and the credibility of allegations. By tapping into existing research and applying forensic analysis, defense teams can build robust, evidence-based defenses that challenge prosecution claims and safeguard the rights of servicemembers.